
巖(yan)(yan)(yan)棉(mian)(mian)(mian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)灌(guan)(guan)(guan)溉(gai)與其(qi)(qi)他固體基(ji)質(zhi)略有(you)(you)不同,因(yin)為材料的(de)(de)(de)(de)制(zhi)(zhi)造(zao)方式具有(you)(you)恰到好(hao)(hao)處(chu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)水(shui)分梯(ti)度(du)(du)(du),而(er)且它確實為終長(chang)得相(xiang)當(dang)大(da)(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)植(zhi)物提供了有(you)(you)限的(de)(de)(de)(de)根區(qu)(qu)。出(chu)于這個原(yuan)因(yin),大(da)(da)多(duo)數(shu)巖(yan)(yan)(yan)棉(mian)(mian)(mian)產品好(hao)(hao)用短時(shi)間(jian)、頻繁地施用營(ying)養(yang)(yang)液(ye)(ye)進(jin)(jin)行灌(guan)(guan)(guan)溉(gai),每(mei)次灌(guan)(guan)(guan)溉(gai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)量剛好(hao)(hao)足(zu)以(yi)使巖(yan)(yan)(yan)棉(mian)(mian)(mian)達到“田間(jian)容(rong)量”。田間(jian)容(rong)量是一(yi)個術語,表(biao)示基(ji)質(zhi)已完全排水(shui),但(dan)仍(reng)保持良好(hao)(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)水(shui)分水(shui)平(ping),供植(zhi)物根系進(jin)(jin)入,直(zhi)到下(xia)一(yi)次灌(guan)(guan)(guan)溉(gai)。在每(mei)次灌(guan)(guan)(guan)溉(gai)時(shi),巖(yan)(yan)(yan)棉(mian)(mian)(mian)材料應該有(you)(you)一(yi)些排水(shui),但(dan)這不應該過多(duo)。將大(da)(da)約10-35%的(de)(de)(de)(de)營(ying)養(yang)(yang)液(ye)(ye)喂給植(zhi)物,每(mei)次灌(guan)(guan)(guan)溉(gai)時(shi)巖(yan)(yan)(yan)棉(mian)(mian)(mian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)排水(shui)被認為是較好(hao)(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)。大(da)(da)量的(de)(de)(de)(de)溶液(ye)(ye)排出(chu)將新鮮的(de)(de)(de)(de)營(ying)養(yang)(yang)液(ye)(ye)直(zhi)接沖過巖(yan)(yan)(yan)棉(mian)(mian)(mian)板(ban),通常使板(ban)中的(de)(de)(de)(de)營(ying)養(yang)(yang)保持穩定(ding)。檢查根區(qu)(qu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)含(han)鹽(yan)(yan)濃(nong)度(du)(du)(du)對(dui)(dui)巖(yan)(yan)(yan)棉(mian)(mian)(mian)很重要,就像(xiang)對(dui)(dui)任何(he)其(qi)(qi)他基(ji)材一(yi)樣(yang)。雖然(ran)巖(yan)(yan)(yan)棉(mian)(mian)(mian)不含(han)任何(he)可能影(ying)響(xiang)含(han)鹽(yan)(yan)濃(nong)度(du)(du)(du)水(shui)平(ping)的(de)(de)(de)(de)天(tian)然(ran)礦物質(zhi)或(huo)鹽(yan)(yan),但(dan)隨(sui)(sui)著植(zhi)物從根區(qu)(qu)提取不同比例(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)水(shui)和(he)養(yang)(yang)分,生(sheng)長(chang)基(ji)質(zhi)內的(de)(de)(de)(de)營(ying)養(yang)(yang)液(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)含(han)鹽(yan)(yan)濃(nong)度(du)(du)(du)會(hui)發生(sheng)變化。仔(zi)細監測和(he)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)循(xun)環(huan)巖(yan)(yan)(yan)棉(mian)(mian)(mian)系統中營(ying)養(yang)(yang)液(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)含(han)鹽(yan)(yan)濃(nong)度(du)(du)(du)和(he)pH值與任何(he)其(qi)(qi)他生(sheng)長(chang)介質(zhi)一(yi)樣(yang)重要。在溫暖的(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)長(chang)條(tiao)件下(xia),植(zhi)物可以(yi)從營(ying)養(yang)(yang)液(ye)(ye)中提取高水(shui)平(ping)的(de)(de)(de)(de)水(shui),從而(er)迅速增加含(han)鹽(yan)(yan)濃(nong)度(du)(du)(du),并需要在營(ying)養(yang)(yang)水(shui)庫中添加更多(duo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)補(bu)水(shui)。在涼(liang)爽和(he)/或(huo)潮濕的(de)(de)(de)(de)條(tiao)件下(xia),含(han)鹽(yan)(yan)濃(nong)度(du)(du)(du)可能會(hui)隨(sui)(sui)著植(zhi)物提取養(yang)(yang)分而(er)下(xia)降,但(dan)不需要那(nei)么多(duo)水(shui),
巖(yan)(yan)(yan)棉(mian)(mian)具(ju)有允許種植(zhi)(zhi)者更大(da)程度地控制根區(qu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)特性,這(zhe)可用于幫助“引導”植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)進入更具(ju)營(ying)養(yang)性或生(sheng)殖/生(sheng)殖生(sheng)長(chang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)狀(zhuang)態。通過增加(jia)灌溉之間(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時間(jian)并(bing)允許根區(qu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)含(han)鹽(yan)濃度增加(jia)來干燥巖(yan)(yan)(yan)棉(mian)(mian)板的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)背面,可以將西紅柿等植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)推向更具(ju)生(sheng)殖力的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)狀(zhuang)態,同時減(jian)少葉(xie)子(zi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)長(chang)和更多的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)同化物(wu)被(bei)引導到果實中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。巖(yan)(yan)(yan)棉(mian)(mian)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)保(bao)持(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)較高水(shui)分(fen)含(han)量和較低(di)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)含(han)鹽(yan)濃度促使植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)朝著更茂盛(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)營(ying)養(yang)生(sheng)長(chang)方向發(fa)展。熟(shu)練的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)種植(zhi)(zhi)者在巖(yan)(yan)(yan)棉(mian)(mian)生(sheng)長(chang)介質中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)使用這(zhe)些技術來指導他們的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)物(wu)并(bing)在不同時間(jian)控制葉(xie)子(zi)、花(hua)朵和果實的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)長(chang)。
巖棉(mian)是一種“無(wu)菌”產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(僅在(zai)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)后直接(jie)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan))在(zai)首次種植時不(bu)含任何天然存在(zai)的有(you)(you)(you)益(yi)微(wei)(wei)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物種群,但(dan)研究表(biao)明,微(wei)(wei)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)命確實在(zai)巖棉(mian)基質中以與其他更“有(you)(you)(you)機”相同的方(fang)式發(fa)展泥炭和可(ke)可(ke)等介(jie)質。然而,這(zhe)種有(you)(you)(you)益(yi)微(wei)(wei)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物種群的積累在(zai)巖棉(mian)中通常較慢,因(yin)為初可(ke)供微(wei)(wei)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物食用的碳源有(you)(you)(you)限(xian)。隨(sui)著(zhu)根(gen)系的發(fa)育和有(you)(you)(you)機分泌物的產(chan)(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng),巖棉(mian)內部的微(wei)(wei)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)命逐漸建(jian)立起(qi)來,但(dan)是巖棉(mian)可(ke)以接(jie)種微(wei)(wei)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物產(chan)(chan)品(pin)來協助這(zhe)一過程并幫助形成健康的根(gen)區(qu)。管理良好(hao)的巖棉(mian)系統(tong)中的高(gao)水(shui)平(ping)氧化也有(you)(you)(you)助于有(you)(you)(you)益(yi)微(wei)(wei)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物種群的建(jian)立和繁殖。
巖(yan)棉本質(zhi)上(shang)是(shi)巖(yan)石,不會隨著時間的推(tui)移分(fen)解(jie)、破裂或分(fen)解(jie),因此(ci)種(zhong)植者(zhe)(zhe)可(ke)以(yi)將(jiang)其(qi)用(yong)(yong)于(yu)許多(duo)(duo)連續作物。然而,建議在(zai)重新種(zhong)植之(zhi)前將(jiang)巖(yan)棉蒸煮或至少用(yong)(yong)沸水處(chu)理(li),以(yi)幫助防止任何(he)根病病原體的攜帶。用(yong)(yong)干凈的水徹(che)底浸出也有(you)助于(yu)去除前茬作物中多(duo)(duo)余(yu)的鹽分(fen)。一(yi)些較(jiao)小的種(zhong)植者(zhe)(zhe)在(zai)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)前使(shi)用(yong)(yong)化(hua)學消毒劑(ji)對巖(yan)棉進行處(chu)理(li),但(dan)是(shi)在(zai)重新種(zhong)植之(zhi)前需(xu)要注意徹(che)底沖洗掉(diao)這(zhe)些材料,蒸汽或熱水被認為是(shi)更安全(quan)的選(xuan)擇。終用(yong)(yong)過(guo)的巖(yan)棉材料必須處(chu)理(li)掉(diao)——種(zhong)植者(zhe)(zhe)通常(chang)只是(shi)將(jiang)其(qi)傾(qing)倒,但(dan)是(shi)可(ke)以(yi)將(jiang)材料切碎并(bing)重新用(yong)(yong)于(yu)其(qi)他(ta)種(zhong)植混(hun)合物,
巖(yan)(yan)棉(mian)在水培生產方面(mian)具有許多優(you)勢:從熔融巖(yan)(yan)石中制造(zao)巖(yan)(yan)棉(mian)纖維和(he)生長(chang)板(ban)的塑料包(bao)裝可確保(bao)產品(pin)無菌,并(bing)且不含雜(za)草種子、害蟲和(he)病原體。高品(pin)質巖(yan)(yan)棉(mian)品(pin)牌,作為制成品(pin),在質量上(shang)也是一(yi)致的,不會像許多其他自然生長(chang)的基質那樣隨(sui)著時間(jian)的推(tui)移分(fen)解(jie)或分(fen)解(jie)。巖(yan)(yan)棉(mian)隨(sui)著時間(jian)的推(tui)移和(he)連續的作物(wu)保(bao)持(chi)其物(wu)理(li)特性。巖(yan)(yan)棉(mian)重量輕,因此易于處理(li)和(he)移動,一(yi)旦完全灌溉,它就會變(bian)得沉重并(bing)為作物(wu)提供穩(wen)定性。
巖棉(mian)(mian)有(you)多種(zhong)尺寸可供選擇,從2-3厘米(mi)的小型繁殖插頭連接成片(pian)狀,用(yong)于(yu)直(zhi)接播種(zhong)作物,如生(sheng)(sheng)菜和其他(ta)幼苗,到10厘米(mi)以(yi)(yi)上(shang)的大(da)型立方(fang)體(ti),用(yong)于(yu)更(geng)高(gao)級的移植。巖棉(mian)(mian)塞通常用(yong)于(yu)插條,以(yi)(yi)保持(chi)理想(xiang)的通氣和水分(fen)(fen)水平,以(yi)(yi)促進根系快速(su)發(fa)育(yu)。巖棉(mian)(mian)可以(yi)(yi)接種(zhong)有(you)益微生(sheng)(sheng)物,如木霉,與(yu)其他(ta)基質(如椰子)的接種(zhong)方(fang)式大(da)致相同,但建議更(geng)頻(pin)繁地使用(yong)巖棉(mian)(mian)基質接種(zhong)微生(sheng)(sheng)物產(chan)(chan)品(pin)。大(da)多數巖棉(mian)(mian)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)和可靠品(pin)牌(pai)對所用(yong)營(ying)養液的含鹽(yan)濃(nong)度、pH或成分(fen)(fen)沒有(you)任(ren)何重(zhong)大(da)影響(xiang)。由于(yu)巖棉(mian)(mian)不提(ti)(ti)供天然(ran)存(cun)在的養分(fen)(fen),因此使用(yong)均衡(heng)的養分(fen)(fen)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)將提(ti)(ti)供佳生(sheng)(sheng)長。
巖棉的制造可在根部區域提供接近理想的水分和通氣水平,這有助于防止過度澆水和因缺氧而導致根部窒息。巖棉可用于連續作物,因為它的結構不會隨著使用或隨著時間的推移而迅速分解。一些商業番茄種植者將優質巖棉板重復用于多達6種(zhong)(zhong)連續作物,并(bing)使(shi)用蒸汽(qi)滅菌來控制種(zhong)(zhong)植之間的根部病(bing)原體。巖棉產品和(he)種(zhong)(zhong)植板(ban)即可(ke)使(shi)用,只需在種(zhong)(zhong)植前(qian)徹底潤濕基(ji)材。巖棉可(ke)以使(shi)用含(han)水(shui)量(liang)(liang)計(ji)進行監測(ce),該計(ji)可(ke)準確測(ce)量(liang)(liang)植物根區環境中的含(han)水(shui)量(liang)(liang)、含(han)鹽濃度(du)和(he)溫度(du)。這些有助于將營(ying)養液的應用微調(diao)到(dao)適合(he)每(mei)個生(sheng)長階段的水(shui)平。

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