土工合成材料是一類廣泛的材料，例如聚合物、土工管和土工布。今天，土(tu)工(gong)合成材料在土(tu)木工(gong)程過程中的作(zuo)用和重要性已經增加，因為它(ta)們可以用較(jiao)少的預(yu)算解決廣泛(fan)的問題。

土工合(he)成材(cai)料(liao)(liao)流行的應用之(zhi)一是支撐薄(bo)弱(ruo)的地基(ji)，并(bing)作為常(chang)規危險材(cai)料(liao)(liao)和廢(fei)物的屏障。土工合(he)成材(cai)料(liao)(liao)在(zai)土木工程中還有(you)許多其他應用。繼續(xu)閱讀(du)以了解有(you)關它們的所有(you)信(xin)息。

什么是土工合成材料(liao)？

將巖(yan)土(tu)(tu)技術應用(yong)(yong)于環(huan)境問題屬(shu)于地質環(huan)境工(gong)(gong)(gong)程的(de)范(fan)疇。清理污(wu)(wu)染(ran)場地、水資源(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程、廢水處理、處理和(he)儲存垃圾、污(wu)(wu)染(ran)控制、重建和(he)保護沿海地區以(yi)及防洪是(shi)一(yi)些(xie)例(li)子(zi)。在(zai)應用(yong)(yong)方面(mian)，土(tu)(tu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)合(he)成(cheng)材料(liao)在(zai)與土(tu)(tu)壤、巖(yan)石(shi)和(he)眾多巖(yan)土(tu)(tu)材料(liao)的(de)相(xiang)互(hu)作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)中發揮著更(geng)大的(de)作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)。有(you)多種土(tu)(tu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)合(he)成(cheng)材料(liao)可供(gong)選擇；它們可以(yi)是(shi)合(he)成(cheng)的(de)或天然的(de)。土(tu)(tu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)管和(he)土(tu)(tu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)布(bu)是(shi)土(tu)(tu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)合(he)成(cheng)材料(liao)的(de)眾多例(li)子(zi)中的(de)一(yi)些(xie)。

土(tu)工合成材料(liao)在道路上的應用

稱(cheng)為土(tu)(tu)(tu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)膜的(de)(de)不透(tou)水聚合(he)物(wu)(wu)(wu)片材用作固(gu)體(ti)和液(ye)(ye)體(ti)廢物(wu)(wu)(wu)遏制屏障。土(tu)(tu)(tu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)格(ge)(ge)柵是(shi)類(lei)(lei)似于(yu)網(wang)格(ge)(ge)的(de)(de)剛性或柔性聚合(he)物(wu)(wu)(wu)片材。它(ta)們(men)的(de)(de)間隙很大(da)，通(tong)常用于(yu)加(jia)固(gu)垃圾(ji)堆和不穩定的(de)(de)土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤。土(tu)(tu)(tu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)網(wang)是(shi)類(lei)(lei)似于(yu)網(wang)并(bing)具有(you)平面內穿孔(kong)的(de)(de)堅硬聚合(he)物(wu)(wu)(wu)片材。它(ta)們(men)主要用作垃圾(ji)填(tian)埋場(chang)的(de)(de)排水介質。摻(chan)入土(tu)(tu)(tu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)織(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)和/或土(tu)(tu)(tu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)膜之(zhi)間并(bing)用作液(ye)(ye)體(ti)和固(gu)體(ti)廢物(wu)(wu)(wu)遏制屏障的(de)(de)膨(peng)潤土(tu)(tu)(tu)層(ceng)被稱(cheng)為土(tu)(tu)(tu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)合(he)成(cheng)粘(zhan)土(tu)(tu)(tu)襯(chen)墊。土(tu)(tu)(tu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)管是(shi)具有(you)實心或穿孔(kong)壁的(de)(de)聚合(he)物(wu)(wu)(wu)管，用于(yu)排出一系(xi)列液(ye)(ye)體(ti)。可(ke)以組(zu)合(he)以下土(tu)(tu)(tu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)合(he)成(cheng)材料(liao)類(lei)(lei)型來創建土(tu)(tu)(tu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)復(fu)合(he)材料(liao)，通(tong)過這些復(fu)合(he)材料(liao)，可(ke)以利用混合(he)系(xi)統來解決(jue)土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤、巖石、垃圾(ji)和液(ye)(ye)體(ti)的(de)(de)問題。輕質土(tu)(tu)(tu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)泡沫塊可(ke)用于(yu)填(tian)補(bu)特定建筑(zhu)項(xiang)目中的(de)(de)空白。

土工合成材(cai)料在排水系統(tong)中的應用

除(chu)了替代傳統的顆粒(li)材(cai)料(liao)(liao)外，土(tu)(tu)工(gong)(gong)合(he)成(cheng)材(cai)料(liao)(liao)還可用(yong)(yong)作民(min)用(yong)(yong)和(he)環境活動中的排(pai)(pai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)管(guan)(guan)(guan)和(he)過濾器。土(tu)(tu)工(gong)(gong)合(he)成(cheng)材(cai)料(liao)(liao)在(zai)(zai)現場使(shi)用(yong)(yong)更(geng)方(fang)便(bian)，并且(qie)在(zai)(zai)顆粒(li)材(cai)料(liao)(liao)不(bu)可用(yong)(yong)、稀(xi)缺(que)或使(shi)用(yong)(yong)受到環境法(fa)規(gui)限制(zhi)時(shi)通(tong)常更(geng)實惠(hui)。傳統的分級顆粒(li)材(cai)料(liao)(liao)在(zai)(zai)許(xu)(xu)多土(tu)(tu)木工(gong)(gong)程項目中用(yong)(yong)于過濾和(he)排(pai)(pai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)。有(you)許(xu)(xu)多不(bu)同尺(chi)寸和(he)形狀(zhuang)的集料(liao)(liao)排(pai)(pai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)管(guan)(guan)(guan)。帶有(you)骨料(liao)(liao)填充(chong)的常見(jian)的排(pai)(pai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)管(guan)(guan)(guan)類型是法(fa)式排(pai)(pai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)管(guan)(guan)(guan)，這是一(yi)條充(chong)滿(man)自由排(pai)(pai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)骨料(liao)(liao)的溝渠(qu)。傳統分級過濾器設計的排(pai)(pai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)要求(qiu)很難滿(man)足(zu)。使(shi)用(yong)(yong)帶有(you)現代土(tu)(tu)工(gong)(gong)管(guan)(guan)(guan)的土(tu)(tu)工(gong)(gong)合(he)成(cheng)排(pai)(pai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)系統可以(yi)快速且(qie)經濟地(di)創造條件。它有(you)一(yi)個排(pai)(pai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)管(guan)(guan)(guan)和(he)一(yi)個過濾器。沿著土(tu)(tu)工(gong)(gong)合(he)成(cheng)材(cai)料(liao)(liao)平面(mian)，水(shui)(shui)(shui)可以(yi)不(bu)受限制(zhi)地(di)流(liu)動。此外，土(tu)(tu)工(gong)(gong)合(he)成(cheng)材(cai)料(liao)(liao)將土(tu)(tu)壤顆粒(li)保(bao)持在(zai)(zai)原位(wei)，同時(shi)允許(xu)(xu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)通(tong)過其平面(mian)。這是土(tu)(tu)工(gong)(gong)合(he)成(cheng)材(cai)料(liao)(liao)有(you)效的用(yong)(yong)途之一(yi)。

土工合成材料在邊(bian)坡穩定中(zhong)的(de)應用

土工布已在多個場合成功地用于維持再生土壤和風化巖石中的陡坡。作為拉伸加固和過濾器，土工布用于穩定斜坡或路堤。土工布通常在斜坡內水平分層。它平行于斜坡并穿過土壤可能滑動的區域。土工布將在雨季降低斜坡的孔隙水壓力，提高抗剪強度。此外，作為過濾器，土工布可(ke)(ke)以阻止斜坡內的(de)(de)土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)遷(qian)移(yi)，也稱為內部侵蝕。沿著可(ke)(ke)能(neng)的(de)(de)滑動區域(yu)或(huo)平面(mian)的(de)(de)土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)用(yong)(yong)土(tu)(tu)(tu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)布加固(gu)。所有(you)這(zhe)些都會增加斜坡的(de)(de)穩定性(xing)(xing)。這(zhe)是土(tu)(tu)(tu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)合成(cheng)材(cai)料(liao)有(you)效的(de)(de)用(yong)(yong)途(tu)之(zhi)一(yi)(yi)。許多變量(liang)影(ying)響巖土(tu)(tu)(tu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程中(zhong)土(tu)(tu)(tu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)布的(de)(de)選(xuan)擇。一(yi)(yi)是使用(yong)(yong)粒狀材(cai)料(liao)建(jian)(jian)造(zao)巖土(tu)(tu)(tu)結構；侵蝕、沉降和地震會影(ying)響顆(ke)粒土(tu)(tu)(tu)層(ceng)的(de)(de)連(lian)續(xu)性(xing)(xing)，但土(tu)(tu)(tu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)布層(ceng)不會。一(yi)(yi)種稱為土(tu)(tu)(tu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)布的(de)(de)二維柔性(xing)(xing)材(cai)料(liao)也非常(chang)適用(yong)(yong)于(yu)(yu)經受各種運(yun)動的(de)(de)巖土(tu)(tu)(tu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程結構。土(tu)(tu)(tu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)布也可(ke)(ke)用(yong)(yong)于(yu)(yu)大型土(tu)(tu)(tu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)的(de)(de)表面(mian)，作為襯里、保(bao)護層(ceng)或(huo)層(ceng)界面(mian)。由(you)于(yu)(yu)各種原(yuan)因(yin)，承包(bao)商、設計師和業主(zhu)選(xuan)擇在(zai)巖土(tu)(tu)(tu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程中(zhong)使用(yong)(yong)土(tu)(tu)(tu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)布。總之(zhi)，土(tu)(tu)(tu)木工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程中(zhong)面(mian)臨(lin)的(de)(de)許多問題都可(ke)(ke)以通過土(tu)(tu)(tu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)合成(cheng)材(cai)料(liao)解(jie)決。該物(wu)(wu)質可(ke)(ke)防(fang)止侵蝕、屏蔽或(huo)重定向(xiang)水，并(bing)穩定土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)和建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)物(wu)(wu)。它可(ke)(ke)以由(you)多種物(wu)(wu)質制成(cheng)，包(bao)括橡膠、塑料(liao)和纖維。由(you)于(yu)(yu)土(tu)(tu)(tu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)合成(cheng)材(cai)料(liao)減少了(le)環境(jing)后(hou)果并(bing)為人們(men)創造(zao)了(le)更宜居的(de)(de)環境(jing)，因(yin)此(ci)它是可(ke)(ke)持續(xu)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)的(de)(de)重要組成(cheng)部分(fen)。